Estimating the health impact and cost-effectiveness of emergency department opt-out testing for blood-borne viruses in Germany

In Germany, an estimated 8,200 individuals were living with undiagnosed HIV in 2023. Late diagnosis (CD4<350) was 52% and 33% of individuals with HIV are diagnosed with advanced disease (1) . Despite progress toward the WHO viral hepatitis elimination goals, a large proportion of infections remain undiagnosed: 85% for hepatitis B (HBV) and 60% for Read More >