Improving laboratory workforce efficiency using AI-assisted digital cytology within an HPV-based cervical screening programme: a model-based evaluation for the NHS Cervical Screening Programmes
Context Cervical screening aims to prevent cervical cancer in women and people with a cervix by identifying and treating cell changes before they develop into cancer. Within the NHS Cervical Screening Programmes in the UK, samples are first tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Samples that test positive are then assessed using cytology to identify Read More >
Estimating the health impact and cost-effectiveness of emergency department opt-out testing for blood-borne viruses in Germany
In Germany, an estimated 8,200 individuals were living with undiagnosed HIV in 2023. Late diagnosis (CD4<350) was 52% and 33% of individuals with HIV are diagnosed with advanced disease (1) . Despite progress toward the WHO viral hepatitis elimination goals, a large proportion of infections remain undiagnosed: 85% for hepatitis B (HBV) and 60% for Read More >
CROI Conference 2026: New modelling study examines whether Scotland and Ireland are on track to eliminate HIV transmission
Aquarius Population Health presented new modelling research at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2026 in Denver, Colorado, February 22-25, examining whether Scotland and Ireland are on course to eliminate new HIV transmissions by 2030. Both countries have committed to meeting the UNAIDS target of fewer than one new infection acquired within the country Read More >
Advancing elimination targets for viral hepatitis and HIV in Poland: estimating the cost-effectiveness of emergency department opt-out testing for blood-borne viruses
Poland continues to face challenges in meeting viral hepatitis and HIV elimination goals. Diagnosis rates for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV remain below elimination targets, while delayed diagnosis and gaps in linkage to care contribute to poorer health outcomes. Since 2022, forced migration from Ukraine has increased the number of people Read More >
Estimating the number of individuals who need to receive PrEP to meet England’s 2030 HIV transmission elimination goals
England has committed to eliminating HIV transmission by 20301. Although significant progress has been made in reducing new HIV diagnoses, existing evidence suggests increased investment in prevention efforts is required to meet the elimination target2,3. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is widely available through sexual health services in England: In 2024, 111,000 individuals accessed PrEP in sexual Read More >
Tales from opposite corners of the world: Emergency department opt-out testing: A cost-effective route to earlier HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis in Australia and Germany
Australia and Germany have both made progress toward HIV and viral hepatitis elimination targets, yet a significant share of infections remains undiagnosed. These levels of undiagnosed infection indicate that standard blood-borne virus (BBV) testing approaches are not sufficient to meet public health goals. Emergency department opt-out testing European and US studies demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and Read More >
What are the benefits of starting biologics earlier in asthma patients? Modelling the impact of earlier initiation on outcomes and costs in the UK
Benefits of early biologics in asthma patients Read More >
Estimating the number of people who could benefit from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in England and the unmet need
In 2019, the previous government committed to eliminating HIV transmission by 2030 [1]. An action plan was developed [2] and a funding commitment made for opt-out HIV testing in hospital A&Es. However, despite the recent progress made in HIV prevention and treatment, England is not predicted to achieve the 2030 zero-transmission target under the current Read More >
Estimating the potential health economic value of introducing universal opt-out testing for HIV in emergency departments in Italy
Italy faces challenges with late HIV diagnoses, which leads to worse health outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In Italy, the proportion of late diagnoses (i.e., a CD4 count <350 cells/mm3) has increased to 60% in 2020—10% higher than the European average (1). With an estimated 13,000–15,000 undiagnosed HIV cases in Italy, innovative testing strategies are urgently needed Read More >
When will the UK achieve HIV transmission elimination? Modelling the impact of current HIV prevention efforts on progress towards the 2030 elimination goal
In 2019, the previous UK government set the ambitious target of eliminating HIV transmission within the UK by 2030. While great progress has been made in HIV prevention and treatment in the UK, with England reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target in 20231, past evidence suggested that the goal of ‘elimination’ by 2030 is unlikely to Read More >